The Past, Present and Future of Sudbury’s Lakes
نویسنده
چکیده
........................................................................................................................................................ 195 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 195 Geological Control of Sudbury’s Lakes ....................................................................................................... 195 Watersheds and Watershed Units ................................................................................................................. 198 Watersheds in the City ........................................................................................................................... 198 Watershed Units ..................................................................................................................................... 199 Environmental History and Prognosis .......................................................................................................... 199 Pre-Settlement ........................................................................................................................................ 199 The Impact of Industrial Environmental Stresses .................................................................................. 199 Erosion ............................................................................................................................................. 200 Acid Deposition ............................................................................................................................... 201 Metal Contamination ....................................................................................................................... 204 Sawmill Waste ................................................................................................................................. 205 Creosote Spills ................................................................................................................................. 205 Urban Environmental Stresses ............................................................................................................... 206 Nutrient Enrichment ........................................................................................................................ 206 Storm Water Discharge ................................................................................................................... 207 Shoreline and Watershed Alterations .............................................................................................. 208 Water Flow Alterations ................................................................................................................... 209 Invading Species .............................................................................................................................. 210 The Recovery Process .................................................................................................................................. 210 Improvements in Water Chemistry and the Effects of Biological Time Lag ........................................ 210 Liming of Lakes and Watersheds .......................................................................................................... 210 Sudbury’s Lakes in a Warmer World ........................................................................................................... 211 Lakes in Sudbury’s Planning Policies .......................................................................................................... 212 Public Awareness and Involvement ....................................................................................................... 212 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................... 212 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ 213 References .................................................................................................................................................... 213
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